Key Details
India’s technology strategy is increasingly focused on building capabilities across the full innovation chain, from connectivity and computing infrastructure to semiconductor manufacturing, artificial intelligence, research funding, and advanced skills development.
Technology Layer | Major National Initiative | Current Scale |
|---|---|---|
Digital Infrastructure | Digital India | 102.86 crore internet connections supported by 42.36 lakh route km of optical fibre network |
Advanced Computing | National Supercomputing Mission | 38 supercomputers with a combined capacity of 47 petaflops |
Artificial Intelligence | IndiaAI Mission | ₹10,300 crore mission, 38,000+ GPUs, 12,115 datasets and 306 AI models |
Semiconductors | Semicon India Programme & ISM 2.0 | 12 approved projects worth ₹1.64 lakh crore across fabrication, packaging and semiconductor manufacturing |
Quantum Technologies | National Quantum Mission | ₹6,003 crore mission and a 1,000-km quantum communication demonstration |
Research & Innovation | ANRF & RDI Scheme | ₹1 lakh crore research financing corpus for deep-tech innovation |
Talent Development | FutureSkills PRIME & Chips-to-Startup | 27.5 lakh learners registered and 85,000 chip-design professionals targeted |
Digital Industry Ecosystem | GCC Expansion & Startup Ecosystem | 1.8 lakh startups, 2,100 GCCs, and a USD 190 billion biotechnology sector |
Summary
Building a Full-Stack Technology Ecosystem
The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology’s review presents India’s technology strategy as a coordinated effort to build capabilities across digital infrastructure, advanced computing, semiconductor manufacturing, artificial intelligence, quantum technologies, research financing and skilled talent. Rather than focusing on individual programmes, the review highlights how these investments are intended to support a broader transition from technology adoption to technology creation.
Digital Infrastructure Continues to Expand
The foundation of this strategy remains the expansion of digital infrastructure under the Digital India programme. Internet connections have crossed 100 crore, broadband access has expanded significantly, and optical fibre networks have more than doubled since 2019. Falling data costs and rising digital usage have helped create the large-scale digital ecosystem on which newer technology initiatives are being built.
Semiconductors and Computing Capacity Receive Major Investment
A major focus of recent policy has been strengthening India’s position in strategic technologies. Under the Semicon India Programme, approved projects now represent investments of more than ₹1.64 lakh crore across fabrication, compound semiconductors and packaging facilities.
At the same time, the National Supercomputing Mission has deployed 38 supercomputers with a combined capacity of 47 petaflops, while the Design Linked Incentive (DLI) Scheme has supported indigenous chip design through tape-outs, prototype development and industry participation.
AI and Quantum Technologies Move into Mission Mode
The review highlights growing public investment in emerging technologies. The IndiaAI Mission is creating shared access to high-performance computing infrastructure through a planned pool of more than 38,000 GPUs, while AI Kosh is building a repository of datasets and models to support innovation across sectors.
Similarly, the National Quantum Mission is supporting research in quantum computing, communications, sensing and materials. India has already demonstrated a 1,000-km quantum communication link and has initiated work on a dedicated Quantum Valley ecosystem in Amaravati.
Research, Skills and Innovation Financing Gain Importance
The review places considerable emphasis on strengthening India’s innovation pipeline. The Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF) and the ₹1 lakh crore Research Development and Innovation (RDI) Scheme seek to expand long-term financing for research-intensive sectors.
Talent development initiatives such as FutureSkills PRIME, the Chips-to-Startup programme, AI Centres of Excellence and expanded technical education infrastructure are intended to address future demand for advanced technology skills.
Technology Is Increasingly Linked to Economic Competitiveness
Beyond infrastructure creation, the review positions emerging technologies as a driver of industrial growth, innovation and global competitiveness. India’s technology ecosystem now includes over 2,100 Global Capability Centres, a growing startup base, expanding data-centre infrastructure and increasing international engagement through digital public infrastructure and technology partnerships.
What Is a Petaflop?
A petaflop is a measure of computing performance equal to one quadrillion calculations per second. Supercomputers use this processing power to run complex applications such as climate modelling, AI training, scientific simulations and advanced research.
Policy Relevance
Strengthens India’s efforts to build domestic capabilities in semiconductors, AI, quantum technologies and advanced computing, reducing dependence on external technology ecosystems.
Expands access to critical research infrastructure through shared computing facilities, supercomputers and innovation-support programmes.
Supports the development of a domestic semiconductor ecosystem spanning design, manufacturing, packaging and associated supply chains.
Creates new opportunities for startups, researchers and industry through large-scale public investments in emerging technologies and innovation financing.
Highlights the growing importance of talent development as India seeks to build a workforce for AI, chip design, quantum technologies and advanced digital industries.
Positions technology policy as a key component of India’s broader economic, industrial and strategic objectives.
Relevant Question for Stakeholders: What policy reforms are needed to help Indian deep-tech startups commercialise research emerging from national missions and public research institutions?
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