SDG 13: Climate Action | SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals
Institutions: Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
At the Pre-COP 30 meeting held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (10–12 October 2025), India underscored that future Global Stocktakes (GSTs) under the Paris Agreement must uphold scientific rigor, inclusivity, and equity. Representing India, Union Minister for Environment, Forest and Climate Change highlighted that while the first GST, concluded in 2023, demonstrated progress, upcoming reviews must allow sufficient time for data validation and avoid compressed timelines that could compromise accuracy.
India reaffirmed that the Paris Agreement remains the central framework for global climate action and that future assessments should reflect its equity-based architecture and the principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR). The statement called for enhanced implementation support for developing countries, including finance, technology, and capacity-building, to translate commitments into action.
These remarks align with India’s domestic commitments under the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) and the Long-Term Low Emissions Development Strategy, reinforcing India’s role as an advocate of trust-based, data-driven climate cooperation.
By emphasizing equity and evidence integrity at Pre-COP 30, India is shaping the next phase of global climate governance. The intervention strengthens confidence in scientific transparency and developing-country representation, both vital for a credible, cooperative approach to climate action.
What is the Global Stocktake (GST)? → The GST is a periodic review mechanism under the Paris Agreement, conducted every five years to assess collective progress toward limiting global warming to 1.5–2 °C. Its findings inform updates to national climate pledges, known as Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).
What is the Paris Agreement? → Adopted in 2015 at COP 21 in Paris, the Paris Agreement is the world’s central treaty to combat climate change. It commits all countries to limit global temperature rise to well below 2°C, ideally 1.5°C, above pre-industrial levels.
Each country sets its own Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) which are pledges to cut emissions and adapt to climate impacts, reviewed every five years through the Global Stocktake process. It rests on the principle of “Common but Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR)”, meaning developed nations should take the lead and support developing countries with finance, technology, and capacity-building.
What is COP 30? → COP 30 refers to the 30th Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the world’s main climate treaty body. It will be hosted by Brazil in 2025, marking a milestone 10 years after the Paris Agreement. COP 30 will review global progress under the treaty, finalize follow-up actions to the first Global Stocktake, and guide countries in strengthening their next round of NDCs. In essence, COP 30 is where climate promises meet accountability - deciding how the world’s next decade of emission cuts and adaptation measures will be implemented.
Relevant Question for Policy Stakeholders:
How can India’s equity-focused leadership at Pre-COP 30 influence the design of future Global Stocktake processes to ensure that scientific rigor and fair timelines remain central to global climate policy?
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